Cephalosporin compounds

ABSTRACT

A new group of cephalosporin compounds characterized by possessing as 3-position substituent a substituted allyl group.

United States Paten 11 1 [111 3,929,780

W'eir 1451 Dec. 30, 1975 [54] CEPHALOSPORIN COMPOUNDS [75] Inventor: Niall Galbraith Weir, London, [56] References Cited England UNITED STATES PATENTS 73 I l 3,502,665 3 1970 Wetherill et a]. 260/243 c 1 Asslgnee g ggig g tg s z 3,708,480 1 1973 Webber et al. 210 243 c Filed? J y 18, 1972 Primary Examiner-Nicholas S. Rizzo 21 A L N 272 945 Assistant Examiner-David E. Wheeler 1 pp 0 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Bac0n & Thomas [30] Foreign Applic'atioaPriority Data [57] ABSTRACT July 1, 1971 Umted Kingdom... 34268/7l A new g p of cephalosporin compounds character U S Cl 260/243 0 260/606 5. 424/246 ized by possessing as 3-position substituent a substi- 51 1111.01. c071) 501/20; c0713 501/18 tuted any] group [58] 8 Claims, No Drawings Field of Search 260/243 C 1 2 CEPHALOSPORIN COMPOUNDS ylthio or ethylthio; arylthio; aralkylthio; amino; substituted amino, e.g. methylamino, ethylamino or dimeth- This invention is concerned with improvements in or ylamino; halo, c.g. chloro or bromo; nitro; azido; carrelating to cephalosporin compounds. boxy; esterified carboxy, c.g. lower alkoxycarbonyl The cephalosporin compounds referred to in this 5 such as methoxycarbonyl or ethoxycarbonyl, or benspecification are generally named with reference to zyloxycarbonyl; formyl; acyl, e.g. acetyl, propionyl or cepham (see J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 3400). The benzoyl; acyloxy e.g. acetoxy, propionyloxy or pivaloyterm cephem refers to the basic cepham structure loxy; cyano; phthalimido; acylamido, e.g. acetamido or with one double bond. Where a dotted line bridges the benzamido; alkoxycarbonylamino, e.g. methoxycar- 2-, 3- and 4-positions this indicates that the compound bonylamino or ethoxycarbonylamino; or aralkoxycarmay be a ceph-Z-em or a ceph-3-em compound. bonylamino e.g. benzyloxycarbonylamino. Addition- Our invention is concerned with a novel group of ally the groups R or R may be any of the possibilities cephalosporin compounds possessing antibacterial aclisted above for R. tivity and which are of value in human and veterinary l medicine. The new compounds are characterized by Compounds according to the invention may be depossessing certain substituted allyl groups at the 3-posifined by the formula tion. (wherein R is a carboxylic acyl group and R R and In addition to possessing antibacterial activity in their R have the above defined meaning) and non-toxic own right, the compounds are of value in the preparaderivatives thereof. tion ofother cephalosporin compounds. Thus reactions Compounds of general formula (I) and non-toxic at centres other than the 3-position may be effected derivatives thereof, e.g. base salts (where applicable) (for example deacylation of a 7-substituent followed by and acid addition salts (where applicable), are antibiotreacylation) as well as reactions at the 3-position (for ics having interesting activity. By the term non-toxic example reduction of the allylic double bond). as applied to the compounds of formula (I), we mean The -p ition ubStitucnt may be represented as those derivatives which are physiologically acceptable follows in the dosageat which they are administered.

Salts which: may be formed from the compounds 4 according to the invention include (a) inorganic base i salts such as alkali metal e.g. sodium and potassium,

CH2 T alkaline earth e.g'. calcium, and organic base salts e.g.

9 4O procaine and dibenzylethylene diamine salts and (b) acid addition salts of any possible basic functions e.g. amino eg with hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulphuric, nitric, phosphoric, toluene-p-sulphonic and methane sulphonic acids. The salts may also-be in the form of resinates, formed'eg. with a polystyrene resin containing amino, quaternary amino, or sulphonic acid groups, or a resin containing carboxyl groups, c.g. a polyacrylic acid resin. The resin may if desired be cross-linked, e'.g. it may be a copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene containing the appropriate groups. r

The group R in formula (I) may represent a wid variety of acyl groups which may contain 1-20 carbon atoms. Specific acyl groups are illustrated in the ac- (wherein R is an electron withdrawing group and R and R which may be the same or different are hydrogen atoms or organic substituting groups).

Suitable R groups include cyano, lower alkoxycarbonyl (e.g. methoxycarbonyl or ethoxycarbonyl), monoor di-arylloweralkoxycarbonyl (e.g. diphenyl methoxycarbonyl), carboxyl and acyl.

When either of the groups R or R are organic 5() groups they may be unsubstituted aliphatic, for example, an alkyl group containing 1-16 carbon atoms, particularly a lower alkyl group containing 1-8 carbon atoms a methyl ethyl 'P iso'propyh companying list which is not intended to be exhaustive: butyl, yh sec-butyl, t-butyl, octyl or dodecyl i. R"C,,H ,,CO where R is aryl (carbocyclic or group; cycloahphahc, for example, a cycloalkyl group heterocyclic), cycloalkyl, substituted aryl, substituted Containing Carbon atoms, Y P PYL y cycloalkyl, cyclohexadienyl, or a non-aromatic hetero- P y or cyclohexyl group; aromatic, for example, a cyclic or mesoionic group, and n is an integer from 1-4. carbocyclic y pv -E- aphehylor haphthylgroup; Examples of this group include phenylacetyl; substior araliphatic, for example, a carbocyclic or heterocy- 6( tuted phenyl-deny] fl h l t l inchc y lower alkyl group in which the lower alkyl phenylacetyl, aminophenylacetyl, acetoxyphenylaportion contains 1-4 carbon atoms, e.g. a benzyl, phencctyli th h lac t l, methylphenylacetyl, or ylethyl, diphenylmethyl, triphcnylmethyl or thienylhydroxyphenylacetyl; NNbis 2 1 1 i methyl group; Substituted derivatives of these g p phenylpropionyl; thien-2- and 3-ylacetyl; 4-isoxazolyl Carrying one or more Subsmhehts Such as, for and substituted 4-isoxazolylacetyl; pyridylacetyl; tet- P y y y lfl y razolylacetyl or asydnoneacetyl group. The substituted p p y or -p op y; y y. -gp n y; aral- 4-isoxazolyl group may be a 3-aryl-5-methyl isoxazolkoxyt behzyloxy; mercapto; alkyhhio -g' meth- 4-yl group, the aryl group being e.g. phenyl or halophenyl e.g. chloroor bromophenyl. An acyl group of this type is 3o-chlorophenyl-5methylisoxazol-4-ylacetyl.

ii. C,,H. CO where n is an integer from 1-7. The alkyl group may be straight or branched and, if desired, may be interrupted by an oxygen or sulphur atom or substituted by e.g. a cyano group, a earboxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a hydroxy group or a carboxycarbonyl group (CO.COOH). Examples of such groups include cyanoacetyl, hexanoyl, heptanoyl, octanoyl and butylthioacetyl.

iii. C,,H CO where n is an integer from 2-7. The alkenyl group may be straight or branched and, if desired, may be interrupted by an oxygen or a sulphur atom. An example of such a group is allylthioacetyl.

where R has the meaning defined under (i) and in addition may be benzyl, and R and R which may be the same or different each represent hydrogen, phenyl, benzyl, phenethyl or lower alkyl. Examples of such groups include phenoxyacetyl, 2-phenoxy-2-phenylacetyl, benzyloxyacetyl, 2-phenoxypropionyl, 2-phenoxybutyryl, methylthiophenoxyacetyl.

where R has the meaning defined under (i) and, in addition, may be benzyl and R and R' have the mean ings defined under (iv). Examples of such groups include Sphenylthioacetyl, S-chlorophenylthioacetyl, S-fluorophenylthioacetyl, pyridylthioacetyl, and S-benzylthioaeetyl.

vi. RZ(CH ),,,CO where R has the meaning defined under (i) and, in addition, may be benzyl, Z is an oxygen or sulphur atom and m is an integer from 2-5. An example of such a group is S-benzylthiopropionyl.

vii. RCO- where R has the meaning defined under (i). Examples of such groups include benzoyl, substituted benzoyl (e.g. aminobenzoyl), 4-isoxazolyland substituted 4-isoxazolylcarbonyl, cyclopentanecarbonyl, sydnonecarbonyl, naphthoyl and substituted naphthoyl (e.g. 2-ethoxynaphthoyl), quinoxalinylcarbonyl and substituted quinoxalinylcarbonyl (e.g. 3-carboxy- 2-quinoxalinylcarbonyl). Other possible substituents for benzoyl include alkyl, alkoxy, phenyl, phenyl substituted by carboxy, alkylamido, cycloalkylamido, allylamido, phenyl(lower)alkylamido, morpholinocarbonyl, pyrrolidinocarbonyl, piperidinocarbonyl, tetrahydropyridino, furfurylamido or N-alkyl-N-anilino, or derivatives thereof, and such substituents may be in the 2- or 2- and 6- positions. Examples of such substituted benzoyl groups are 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl, 2- methylamidobenzoyl and Z-carboxybenzoyl. Where the group R" represents a substituted 4-isoxazolyl group, the substituents may be as set out above under (i). Examples of such 4-isoxazolyl groups are 3-phenyl-5- methyl-isoxazol-4-yl carbonyl, 3-o-chlorophenyl-5- methyl-isoxazol-4-yl carbonyl and 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl carbonyl,

viii.

where R has the meaning defined under (i) and X is amino, substituted amino (e.g. aeylamido or a group obtained by reacting the a-aminoacylamido group of the 7-side chain with an aldehyde or ketone e.g. acetone, methylethylketone or ethyl acetoacetate), hydroxy, carboxy, esterified carboxy, azido, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, cyano, halogeno, acyloxy (e.g. formyloxy or lower alkanoyloxy) or etherified hydroxy group. Examples of such acyl groups are a-aminophenylacetyl, and a-carboxyphenylacetyl.

where R, R and R which may be the same or different may each represent lower alkyl, phenyl or substituted phenyl or R represents hydrogen. An example of such an acyl group is triphenylmethylcarbonyl.

x. R"NHCO where R" has the meaning defined under (i) and in addition may be hydrogen, lower alkyl or halogen substituted lower alkyl. An example of such a group is Cl(CH NHCO.

where X has the meaning defined under (viii) above and n is an integer of from 1 to 4. An example of such an acyl group is laminocyclohexanecarbonyl.

xii. Amino acyl, for example R"'CH(NH ).(CH ),,CO where n is an integer from 1-10, or NH C,,H ,,Ar(CH ),,,CO, where m is zero or an integer from 1-10, and n is O, l or 2, R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, aralkyl or carboxy group or a group as defined under R" above, and Ar is an arylene group, e.g. p-phenylene or 1,4-naphthylene. Examples of such groups are disclosed in British patent specification No. 1,054,806. A group of this type is the p-aminophenylacetyl group. Other acyl groups of this type include those, e.g. S-aminoadlpoyl, derived from naturally occurring amino acids, and derivatives thereof e.g. N-benzoyl-Saminoadipoyl.

xiii. Substituted glyoxylyl groups of the formula R.- CO.CO- where R is an aliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic group, e.g. a thienyl group, a phenyl group, or a mono-, dior trisubstituted phenyl group, the substituents being, for example, one or more halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, or I), methoxy groups, methyl groups or amino groups, or a fused benzene ring. Included in this group are also the a-carbonyl derivatives of the above substituted glyoxylyl groups e.g. the a-hydroxyimino and a-alkoxyimino derivatives, especially those possessing the syn configuration.

xiv. Formyl.

Where compounds are primarily intended for use as wherein R" and X have the above-defined meanings. intermediates, important species of the=acyl group are: The compound of formula (lll) in which R is phenyl xv. Hydrocarbyloxycarbonyl" and substituted hyand ammo, m drocarbyloxycarbonyl groups (wherein the 7-amino p lf F f y "Y P l' f group forms part f a h lower l x boxylic acid is a broad-spectrum antibiotic being active bonyl groups (such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarboagainst gram-Positive gram'ncgmive organisms as nyl and t-butoxycarbonyl groups)';"halo"lower alkoxyevidenced by in vitro tests. Additionally, the compound b l groups 2,2;2Jri hI rdethOXyCaIbOUyl; possesses significant absorption an oral administration aralkoxycarbonyl groups such as benzyloxyc'arbonyl,, as evidenced by animal tests.

4-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, diphenylmethoxycarbo- An important series of compounds related to those of nyl. and 4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl groups; and Cyformula (ll) wherein X is amino are compounds of'the cloalkoxycarbonyl groups e.g. adamantyloxycarbonyl. form l xvi. Haloformyl e.g. chloroformyl. where the R" groups which may be thesame or differ- An important series of compounds according to the ent are loweralkyl groups (C -C particularly methyl invention are compounds of the general formula or ethyl, andsalts thereofaSuch compounds may cxist 6 R --CHCONH (where R is an aromatic group, e.g. phenyl or phenyl .35 substituted with halo, hydroxy, lower alkyl, nitro, amino, lower alkanoyl, lower alkoxy or lower alkylmercapto, or a heterocyclicgroup (particularly a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group containing atleast one hetero atom selected from S, N andO, e.g. thien-Z-yl or 40 thien-3-yl); X is hydrogen, amino, substituted amino e. ac lamido h drox l,substituted h'drox l (e. ficy loxyg or callbox yl; ag f R8 1%, hayve Cephalospor-m compounds possess ng a substituted above-defined meanings) and nontoxic derivatives anyhgroup at the 3'posmon may beiobtamediby-cou .in isomeric forms (cf. J, Org. Chem, l966-, 3.l 8 97 )and may be obtained by reaction of the compound of formula (ll) wherein Xis amino with a carbonyl compound of formula R .CO.R wherein R has the abovedefihed meaning.

;thereof I 1 4'5 pling-a 3-phosphoranylidenerethyl cephal'osporin dom- Compounds of formula (II) possess antibacterial Pm w m o p nd of the ll activity against a range of gram positive and gram nega- 'tive organisms and are of value in human and veteri (w'hercinR" and R have the above-defined meaning).

nary medicine.

The compounds of formula (H) or salts thereof, may 50 be used, where X is not hydrogen, as a mixture of diastereoisomers or in one of the pure diastereoisomeric forms. Of particular interest are the compounds of the formula (II) wherein the-acid RCH(X)COOH isof. the D- series. The derivatives of D(-) phenylglycine and the salts of those derivatives are of especial interest.

T-helinyentionthus includes a process for the preparation of compounds of the general formula I (I A particularly important group ofcompounds falling within general formula (ll) are compounds of the formula: I 60 6" R -iH. CO. NH

. (31 .-Cll I; I I g O- CN (wherein R, R, R and R have the above-defined meanings) and non-toxic derivatives thereof by (A) coupling a compound of the formula (wherein R is a carboxylic acyl group which may be the same as R, and R and R" have the above-defined meanings; R'- is hydrogen or a carboxyl-blocking group; the R groups, which may be the same or different, are each organic groups e.g. C;,C alkyl, C or C,,- cycloalkyl, aryl e.g. phenyl or substituted phenyl, or di(lower alkyl) amino; and Z is S or S 0) with a carbonyl compound of the formula R".CO.R"

(wherein R" and R have the above-defined meanings).

Any of the following reactions (B) may be carried out after coupling (i) reduction of the allylic bond, (ii) conversion of a A -isomer into the desired A-isomer, (iii) removal of any groups protecting any carboxyl or amino groups, (iv) reduction ofa compound in which 2 is S 0 to form the desired Z= S compound and -(v)-deacylation of a compound in 'which R does not equaLR to form a 7-amino compound followed by reacylation to introduce the desired 7-R'NH group. Reactions (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v) may also be carried out before the coupling reaction.

The carbonyl compound may, for example, be an aldehyde of ketone e.g. formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, glycolaldehydc and glyoxylic esters, for example t-butyl glyoxylate. The resulting cephalosporin compounds may exist, where appropriate as trans and cis isomers. The carbonyl compound is preferably one that does not contain enoliz'able groups since in this case the coupling reaction may result in-the formation of a carbon-oxygen bond rather than the desired carbon-carbon bond.

The coupling'react'ion may be assisted by the presence of a weak organic acid such as benzoic acid or a weak base such as sodium hydrogen carbonate.

.The reaction with the carbonyl compound may be carried out by-vigorously stirring the components together, e.g. at a temperature of from -30 to +l00C. When the reaction is effected at a temperature at which one or more reactants may volatilise a closed system may be' used. The reaction may be effected in an inert or relatively inert solvent, for example, a halogenated hydrocarbon, e.g. methylene chloride; a hydrocarbon e.g. benzene; an acyclic or cyclic ether e.g. diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran or dioxan; dimethylsulphoxide; an amide e.g. dimethylformamide or dimethylacetamide or hexamethylphosphoramide. The course of the reaction may be followed by thin layer chromatogra- Protection of carboxyl groups The group protecting the 4-carboxyl group may be formed with an alcohol (aliphatic or araliphatic), phenol, silanol, stannanol or acid which may readily be split off at a later stage of the reaction.

Suitable esters thus include compounds containing as 4-ester group, a group selected from the following list which is not intended to be an exhaustive list of possible ester groups i. C.OOCR" R"R" wherein at least one of R", R and R" is-an electron-donor e.g. p-methoxyphenyl, 2,4,6- trimethylphenyl, 9-anthryl, methoxy, acetoxy or fur- .2-yl. The remaining R", R and R" groups may be hydrogen or organic substituting groups. Suitable ester groups of this type include p-methoxy benzyloxycarbonyl and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyloxycarbonyl.

ii. COOCR"R"R whercin at least one of R", R" and R" is an electron-attracting group e.g. benzoyl, pnitrophenyl, 4-pyridyl, trichloromethyl, tribromomethyl, iodomethyl, cyanomethyl, cthoxycar bonylmethyl, arylsulphonylmethyl, Z-dimethylsulphoniumethyl, o-nitrophenyl or cyano. The remaining R", R" and R" groups may be hydrogen or organic substituting groups. Suitable esters of this type include bcnzoylmethoxycarbonyl, p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-pyridylmethoxycarbonyl, 2,2,Z-trichloroethoxycarbonyl and 2,2,2-tribromoethoxycarbonyl.

iii. -COOCR"R"R" wherein at least two of R", R" and R" are hydrocarbon such as alkyl e.g. methyl or ethyl, or aryl e.g. phenyl and the remaining R", R" and R" group, if there is one, is hydrogen. Suitable esters of this type include, t-butyloxycarbonyl, t-amyloxycarbonyl, diphenylmethoxycarbonyl and triphenylmethoxycarbonyl.

' iv. --C'OOR' wherein R is adamantyl, Z-benzyloxyphenyl, 4-mcthylthiophenyl, tetrahydropyran-2-yl or tetrahydrofur-Z-yl.

Silyl esters may conveniently be prepared from a halosilanc or a silazane of the formula R SiX; R SiX R" ,Si.NR" R ;,Si.NH.SiR:,; R*;,Si.NH.COR; R;,Si.NH- .CO.NH.SiR,,; R*NH.CO.NR.SiR or RC(OSiR;,): NSiR where X is a halogen and the various groups R, which can be the same or different, represent hydrogen atoms or alkyl, e.g. methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl; aryl, e.g. phenyl; or aralkyl'eg. benzyl groups.

Preferred derivatives of silanols are silyl chlorides such as for example trimethylchlorosilane and dimethyldichlorosilane.

The carboxyl groups may be regenerated from an ester by any of the usual methods; for example, acidand base-catalysed hydrolysis (especially for silyl and starmyl esters) is generally applicable, as well as enzymically-catalysed hydrolyse s; however, aqueous mix tures may be poor solvents for these compounds and they i'nay cause isomerizations, rearrangements, sidereactions, and general destruction, so that special methods may be desirable, Five suitable methods of deesteritication are:

i. Reactions with Lewis acids: Suitable Lewis acids for reaction with the esters include trifluoroacetic acid, formic acid, hydrochloric acid in acetic acid, zinc bromide in benzene and aqueous solutions or suspensions of mercuric compounds. The reaction with the Lewis acid may be improved by addition of a nucleophile such as anisole.

ii. Reduction: Suitable systems for effecting reduction are zinc/acetic acid, zinc/formic acid, zinc/lower alcohol, zinc/pyridine, palladised-charcoal and hydrogen, electrolysis, and sodium and liquid ammonia.

iii. Attack by nucleophiles: Suitable nucleophiles are those containing a nucleophilic oxygen or sulphur atom for example alcohols, mercaptans, thiocyanates and water.

iv. Oxidativc methodsrfor example, those which involve the use of hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid.

v. Irradiation.

Protection of amino groups When the 7B-acylamido group contains an amino group it may be necessary to protect this during the various reaction stages. The protecting group is conveniently one which can be removed by hydrolysis without effecting the rest of the molecule, especially the lactam and 7B-amido linkages. The amine protecting group and the esterifying group at the 4-COOH position can be removed using the same reagent. An advantageous procedure is to remove both groups at the last stage in the sequence. Protected amine groups include urethane, arylmethyl (e.g. trityl)amino, arylmethyleneamino, sulphenylamino or enamine types. Such groups can in general be removed by one or more reagents selected from dilute mineral acids e.g. dilute hydrochloric acid, concentrated organic acids, e.g. concentrated acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, and liquid hydrogen bromide at very low temperature, e.g. 80C. A convenient protecting group is the t-butoxycarbonyl group, which is readily removed by hydrolysis with dilute mineral acid, e.g. dilute hydrochloric acid, or preferably with a strong acid (e.g. formic acid, trifluoroacetic acid or liquid HF) e.g. at a temperature of 040C., preferably at room temperature (l525C). Another convenient protecting group is the 2,2,Z-trichloroethoxycarbonyl group which may be split off by an agent such as zinc/acetic acid, zinc/formic acid, zinc/lower alcohols or zinc/pyridine. The NH group may also be protected as NH Typical protecting groups and their methods of removal are illustrated in the following table:

Usual Method of Type Example Usual Name and Analogues etc. Removal Urethane HNCOCH Ph Benzyloxycarhonyl, p-Methoxy HBr/AcOH (Neat) ll CF COOH (Neat) Liq. HBr at 80C I Urethane HNCOC(CH;)3 t-Butoxyca'r'lionyl Dil. acid (HCl) 1 cF,.cooH (Neat) O I Urethane HNCOCHPh Diphenylniethoxycarhonyl CF;,COOH (Neat) Dil. HCl etc.

l Urethane HN$|0-( l-adamantyl) lAdamantylditycarhonyl Dil. HCl

| Arylmethyl HNCPh Trityl AcOH H O Dil. HCl

NO Sulphenyl o-Nitrophcnylsulphcnyl. Dil. HCl

HN- S p-nitro- NaP or Nu S- ,0 pH 2-4 N CH B-Dicarbonyl 3 R=OEt Ethyiacctoacctatc Acid labile in Enamine R=CH Acetylacetone varying degree R=Ph Ben zoylacetone Dil. AcOH or R.=OMe Methylacetoacetate HCl etc.

C R=C H Propionylacetone l and many otherfi-dikctoncs R I N=CH Anil (slmilar to B-dicarbonyl) from Salicylaldehyde Arylmethy- Ho 5-chlorosalicylaldehyde Dil. HCl lene 3,5dichlorosalicylaldehyde Formic acid Z-hydroxyl naphthaldehyde 3hydroxy-pyridine4-aldehyde Onium NH Base l Urethane HN.C0.0CH. ,CCI;, BBfi-trichloroethoxy- Reducing agents carbonyl e.g.

Zn/acetic acid There will now be discussed reactions B, i. Reduction of the allylic bond The reduction of the allylic group may be effected by any convenient method. The reduction should be so effected as not to cause any substantial saturation of the ceph-3-em or ceph-2-em system or any other undesirable reactions elsewhere in the molecule. ii. lsomerisation Where the compound is a ceph-2-em compound, the desired ceph-3-em compound may be obtained by treatment of the former with a base.

iii. De-protection Removal of any groups protecting any amino or carboxyl groups may be effected as described above. iv. Reduction of sulphoxide Where the resultant compound contains a sulphinyl group at the l-postion this may be reduced by any convenient means. This may, for example, be effected by reduction of the corresponding acyloxysulphonium or alkyloxysulphonium salt prepared in situ by reaction with e.g. acetyl chloride in the ease of an acetoxysulphonium salt, reduction being effected by, for example, sodium dithionite or by iodide ion as in a solution of potassium iodide in a water miscible solvent e.g. acetic acid, tetrahydrofuran, dioxan, dimethylformamide or dimcthylacetamide. The reaction may be effected at a temperature of -20 to +50C.

Alternatively, reduction of the l-sulphinyl group may be effected by phosphorus trichloride or tribromide in solvents such as methylene chloride, dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran, preferably at a temperature of -20C to +50C.

An advantage associated with the use ofa sulphoxide is that the compound will generally be a A -compound so that an isomerisation as described in (ii) above will not be necessary.

v. N-Deacylation Where the final product of the above reactions is a 7B-acylamido compound not having the desired acyl group, the 7B-acylamido compound may be N- deacylated to yield the corresponding 7B-amino compound and the latter reacylated with an appropriate acylating reagent.

Suitable methods of N-deacylating cephalosporin derivatives having 7B-acylamido groups are described in British Pat. Nos. 1,041,985 and 1,119,806; Belgian Pat. No. 719,712 and in South African Pat. Nos. 68/5048 and 68/5327. Another method of N-deacylation which may be used is acid catalysis. For example, N-deformylation of a 7B-formamido group may be effected with a mineral acid at a temperature of minus to 100C, preferably +l5 to 40C. N-deformylation may be effected with the aid of a Lewis acid in a lower alkanol, preferably under substantially anhydrous conditions.

The amino compound so obtained may be acylated by any convenient method. Thus the acylation may be carried out in an aqueous medium with an acid halide, for example in an aqueous solution of a water-miscible ketone such as acetone, or in an aqueous solution of tetrahydrofuran, preferably also in the presence of an acid binding agent. Suitable acid binding agents include tertiary amines such as triethylamine, dimethylformamide, dimethylaniline; inorganic bases such as calcium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate; and oxiranes which bind hydrogen halide liberated in the acylation reaction. The oxirane is preferably a lower-1,2-alkylene oxide e.g. ethylene oxide or propylene oxide.

The pH in the acylation is preferably maintained at from 5 to 7 during the reaction which may be carried out at temperatures of from 30 to +C, preferably from 0 to 25C. The acylation may also be carried out in an organic solvent medium such as ethyl acetate by, for example, refluxing.

Alternatively the acylation may be effected with an acid halide or mixed anhydride under substantially anhydrous conditions in the liquid phase in an inert Lewis base (preferably one having a tertiary nitrogen atom) having a dielectric constant above 15 and preferably above 30 and containing a hydrogen halide acceptor. The reaction may be carried out on the free 4- COOH compound, on an ester thereof or on an acid addition salt e.g. the hydrogen p-toluene-sulphonate of the 4COOH compound or ester thereof. One may employ an acid addition salt of said ester under the aforesaid anhydrous conditions since this derivative can be obtained in high yield from the N-deacylation step (see above). Thereafter, if desired, the ester group is removed. The acid halide is advantageously the chloride or bromide.

A further alternative technique for effecting acylation is to employ, as acylating agent, an a-aminoarylacetyl chloride having the free amino group protected as an acid addition salt preferable the hydrochloride.

3-Phosphoranylidene ethyl cephalosporin compounds are described and claimed in our Belgian Pat. No. 770,988. Compounds of general formula (V) above may be prepared by reacting a compound of the (wherein R, R and Z have the above-defined meanings and X is bromine, iodine or chlorine), with a phosphorus ylid of the formula (RUHP CHR4 (wherein R and R have the above-defined meanings).

The reaction of the compound of formula (V1) with the ylid may be carried out by stirring the components together, e.g. at a temperature of from 80 to +80C, preferably from l0 to +35C. When the reaction is effected at a temperature at which one or more reactants may volatilise a closed system may be used. The reaction may be effected in an inert or relatively inert solvent, for example, a halogenated hydrocarbon, e.g. methylene chloride; a hydrocarbon e.g. benzene; an acyclic or cyclic ether e.g. diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran or dioxan; dimethylsulphoxide; an amide e.g. dimethylformamide or dimethylacetamide; an ester e.g. a lower alkyl alkanoate such as ethyl acetate; or hexamethylphosphoramide.

[t is not necessary to isolate the phosphoranylidene ethyl compound prior to the coupling reaction and, if desired, formation of the phosphoranylidene ethyl compound may be effected in situ prior to reaction with the carbonyl compound.

The course of the reaction may also be followed by thin-layer or paper chromatography, by electrophoresis and by spectroscopy.

The present invention also includes within its scope compounds of the general formula Z H N 2 l l l COOR where Z, R R, R and R have the above defined meanings and acid addition salts and base salts thereof. Acid addition salts include salts with hydrocarbyl sulphonic acids, c.g. p-toluene sulphonic acid, or nitric acid.

-Compunds of formula (VII) may be acylated as described above to yield the desired compound of formula (I), if necessary after employing any of the subsequent transformations (B) described above.

Administration The compounds according to the invention may be formulated for'administration in any convenient way, by analogy with other antibiotics and the invention therefore includes within its scope a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) or a non-toxic derivative e.g. salt thereof (as herein defined) adapted for use in human or veterinary medicine. Such compositions may be presented for use in conventional manner with the aid of any necessary pharmaceutical carriers or excipients.

The invention therefore provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of formula (I) or a non-toxic derivative thereof (as herein defined) in association with a pharmaceutical carrier or excipient. The compositions may be presented in a form suitable for absorption by the gastro-intestinal tract. Tablets and capsules for oral administration may be in unit dose presentation form, and may contain conventional excipients such as binding agents, for example syrup, acacia, gelatin, sorbitol, tragacanth, or polyvinylpyrrolidone; fillers, for example lactose, sugar, maize-starch, calcium phosphate, sorbitol or glycine; lubricants, for example, magnesium stearate, talc, polyethylene glycol, silica; disintegrants, for example, potato starch or acceptable wetting agents such as sodium lauryl sulphate. The tablets may be coated according to methods well known in the art. Oral liquidpreparations may be in the form of aqueous or oily suspensions, solutions, emulsions, syrups, elixirs, etc. or may be presented as a dry product, for reconstitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use. Such liquid preparations may contain conventional additives such as suspending agents, for example, sorbitol syrup, methyl cellulose, glucose/sugar syrup, gelatin, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, aluminium stearate gel or hydrogenated edible fats; emulsifying agents, for example, lecithin, sorbitan mono-oleate or acacia; non-aqueous vehicles which may include edible oils, for example, almond oil, fractionated coconut oil, oily esters, propylene glycol, or ethyl alcohol; preservatives, for example, methyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoatcs or sorbic acid. Suppositories will contain conventional suppository bases, c.g. cocoa butter or other glyccride.

Compositions for injection may be presented in unit dose form in ampoules, or in multidose containers with an added preservative. The compositions may take such forms as suspensions, solutions, emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilising and/or dispersing mg. per day, depending on the agents. Alternatively the active ingredient may be in powder form for. reconstitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g. sterile, pyrogen-free water, before use.

The compositions may also be prepared in suitable forms for absorption through the mucous membranes of the nose and throat or bronchial tissues-and may conveniently take the form ,of powder or liquid sprays or inhalants, lozenges, throat paints etc. For medication of the eyes or cars, the preparations may be presented as individual capsules. in liquid or semi-solid form, or may be used as drops etc. Topical applications may be formulated in hydrophobic or hydrophilic bases as ointments, creams, lotions, paints, powders etc.

- For veterinary medicine the composition, may, for example, be formulated as an intramammary preparation in either long acting or quick-release bases.

The compositions may contain from 0.1% upwards, preferably from 10-99% of the active material, depending on the method of administration. Where the compositions comprise dosage units, each unit will preferably contain 50500.mg. of the active ingredient. The dosage as employed for adult human treatment will preferably range from -3000 mg. for instance 1,500 route and frequency of administration. I

The compounds according to the invention may be administered in combination with other therapeutic agents such as antibiotics, for example other cephalosporins, the penicillins or tetracyclines.

The following examples illustrate the invention. In the Examples:

System B is n-butanol: ,ethanohwater 4: l :5, equilibrated at room temperature, the upper phase being used as developer in descending manner, in equilibrium with lower phase, on Whatman No. 1 paper buffered to pH 6 with 0.05M sodium dihydrogen phosphate.

. System C is ethyl acetate: n-butanol: 0.1M-sodium acetate pH 5 811:8. equilibratcd at 38C, the upper phase being used as developer in descending manner, in equilibrium with lower phase at 38, on No. l Whatman paper buffered to pH 5 with 0.1M sodium acetate.

Light petroleum was the fraction, b.p. 40 to 60.

Methylene chloride was dried and deacidified on Woelm Grade I basic alumina. Thin-layer chromatography was carried outupwards on Merck silica plates. Nmr' spectra were measured at 60 and 100 Mhz. Signs of the coupling constants were not attributed.

As far as possible, analytical values for solvates were confirmed by inspection for the appropriate features in the spectra.

The conditions for electrophoresis are those described in Cocker et al., J. Chem. Soc. 1965,5015.

, Organic solutions were dried over desiccated magnesium sulphate.

EXAMPLE I a. t-Butyl 3-(2-Cyanoallyl)-7B-(Z-thienylacetamido) ceph-3-em-4-carboxylate i. A solution of t-butyl 3-iodomethyl-7B-(Z- thienylacetamido)ceph-3-em-4-carboxylate (2.08 g.) in dry, acid free methylene dichloride (20 ml.) was treated with a solution of cyanomethylenetriphenylphosphorane (2.41 g., 2 equiv.), and the mixture kept in the dark at 20 for 18 hours. The solution was washed with water, and the separated organic phase treated with 40%-aqueous formaldehyde solution (16 ml.) and 2 /z%-aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (40 ml.). The two phase system was stirred vigorously at for 3 hours. The organic layer was separated, and washed with water, and dried, and evaporated in vacuo. The residue, in benzene, was run on to a column of Merck Kieselgel (60 g.) and the column eluted with benzene:ethyl acetate 4:1. Fractions containing material with similar mobilities on TLC. (Rf 0.3 in benzenezethyl acetate 5:1) were combined and evaporated in vacuo.The vacuo. The in ethyl acetate, was run into vigorously stirred petroleum ether to give the title compound 1.0 g.), as an amorphous solid, mp. ca 55, [a],, -1- 205 (0 0.8,CHCl ),)\inf1ex (EtOH) 261 nm. (6 7,130), 11 (CHBr 3440 (NH), 2240 (CN), 1784 (B-lactam), 1720 (CO R), 1688 and 1514 (CONH), and 940 (C=CH emf, 196 (CDCl 2.74 and 3.02 (thienyl), 3.34 (NH, doublet, J 9 Hz.), 4.02 and 4.18 (C=CH two singlets), 4.2 (C -H, double doublet, J 4.5 and 9 Hz.), 5.03 (C, ,H, doublet, J 4.5 Hz.), 6.17 (CH CO), 6.58 (CH C=CH 6.48 and 6.83 (C ,CH AB-quartet, J 18 Hz.), and 8.48 (t-butyl) (Found: C, 56.0; H, 5.2; N, 9.2; S, 14.2. C ,H N O S requires C, 56.6; H, 5.2; N, 9.45; S, 14.4%).

ii. A solution of t-butyl 3-bromomethyl-7B-(2- thienylacetamido)ceph-3-em-4-carboxylate (3.55 g., ca 7.5 mmole) in dry, acid-free, methylene dichloride ml.) was treated with a solution of cyanome- 'Kieselgel (110 g.) as above to give the title compound (1.27 g.) as a pale-yellow foam, [M 21 .65 (c 1.6, CHClg), Ainflex. (EtOH) 261 nm. (6 6,750), the infrared and p.m.r. spectra were similar to those of the compound described above.

3-(2-Cyanoallyl )-7B-( 2thienylacetamido )ceph-3-em- 4-carboxylic Acid A solution of t-butyl 3-(2-cyanoallyl)-7B-(2- thienylacetamido)ceph-3-em-4-carboxylate (900 mg.) in anisole (0.9 ml.) with trifluoroacetic acid (3.6 ml.) was kept at 23 for 10 minutes. The solvents were removed in vacuo and the residue partitioned between ethyl acetate and dilute aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The aqueous phase was washed with ethyl acetate and ether then acidified with N-hydrochloric acid and the liberated acid extracted into ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with water, and dried, and evaporated in vacuo. The residue, in ethyl acetate was run into vigorously stirred petroleum to give the title acid (510 mg.) as an amorphous solid, mp ca 80 (frothing), lab, 56.7 (c 1.2, dioxan), Ainflex. (0.1M pH 6 phosphate buffer) 260 nm. (2 7,900), v,,,,,, (Nujol) ca 3500 (H 0), 3300 (NH) 2216 (CN), 1775 (B-lactam), 1715 (CO H) and 1660 and 1525 (CONH) cm.', 1 (DMSO-d,,) 0.84 (NH, doublet, J 9 Hz.), 2.62 and 3.02 (thienyl), 3.85 and 4.02 (C=CH two singlets), 4.31 (C -H, double doublet, J 4.5 and 9 Hz.), 4.86 (C ,,H, doublet, J 4.5 Hz.), 6.22 and (C2)CH2, AB-qualtet, Jan 18 Hz.) and 6.5 (CH C=CH (Found: C, 50.9; H, 4.2", N, 10.1; S, 15.4. c,,H, ,N, 0 8 /2H O requires C, 51.2; H, 4.05; N, 10.55; S, 16.1%). Rf. 0.46 (System C), 0.63 (System B).

16 EXAMPLE 2 a. t-Butyl 3-( 2-Methoxycarbonylallyl )-7B-( 2-thienylacetamido ceph-3-em-4-carboxylate A solution of t-butyl 3-iodomethyl-7B-(2- thienylacetamido)ceph-3-em-4-carboxylate (10.4 g., ca 20 mmole.) in methylene dichloride (50 ml.) was treated with a solution of methoxycarbonylmethylenetriphenylphosphorane 13.7 g., ca 41 mmole.) in methylene dichloride and the mixture kept at 17 overnight in the dark. The solution was washed with water and the separated organic phase treated with 40%-aqueous formaldehyde ml.) and 2V2-aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (250 ml.). The two-phase system was stirred vigorously at 17 for 7 hours. The organic layer was separated, and washed with water (2 X m1.), and dried. and evaporated in vacuo. The residual foam, in benzene, was run on to a column of Merck Kieselgel (300 g.) and the column eluted with benzenezethyl acetate 4:1. Fractions containing material with similar mobilities on TLC (Rf. 0.6 in benzenezethyl acetate 2:1) were combined and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was crystallised from ether-petroleum to give the title compound (7.23 g., 75.7%) as needles, mp to 106 (decomp.) [04],," 29.77 (c 1.6, CHCl kinflex. (EtOH) 265 nm (6 7,250), 11 (CHBr 3430 (NH), 1780 (B-lactam), 1715 (CO R), and 1685 and 1510 (CONH) cm., 1 (CDCI 2.7 and 3.0 (thienyl), 3.43 (NH, doublet, J 9 Hz.), 3.71 and 4.41 (C=CH two singlets), 4.21 (C ,H, double doublet, J 5 and 9 Hz.). 5.03 (C -H, doublet, J 5 Hz.), 6.18 (CH CO), 6.55 (CH C=CH 6.56 and 6.89 (C ,-CH AB-quartet, J 18 Hz.) and 8.50 (t-butyl) (Found: C, 55.4; H, 5.5; N, 5.9; S, 13.5. C H N O S requires C, 55.3; H, 5.3; N, 5.9; S, 13.4%).

b. (i) 3-(2-Methoxycarbonylallyl)-7B (2-thienylacetamido)- ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic Acid A solution of tbutyl 3-(2-methoxycarbonylallyl)-7B- (Z-thienylacetamido )ceph-3-em-4-carboxylate 1.15 g.) anisole (1.15 ml.) with trifluoroacetic acid (4.6 ml.) was kept at 20 for 10 minutes. The solvents were removed in vacuo and the residue partitioned between ethyl acetate and dilute aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The aqueous phase was .washed with ethyl acetate and taken to pH 1 with concentrated hydrochloric acid, and the liberated acid extracted into ethyl acetate (50 ml.). The organic phase was washed with water (3 X 10 ml.) and dried and evaporated in vacuo. The residual foam (961 mg.) was crystallised from ethyl acetate to give the acid (407 mg.), in two crops, as needles, mp 146 to 147, [01],, -1- 76.4 (c 0.8, acetone), A (0.1M pH 6 phosphate buffer) 261 nm. (e 8,750), v,,,,,, (CHBr 3420 (NH), 1785 (B-lactam), 1720 (CO R) and 1686 and 1515 (CONH) emf, 1'(CDC1,,) 1.99 (NH, doublet, J 8.5 Hz.), ca 2.68 and 3.09 (thienyl), 3.71 and 4.39 (C=CH two singlets), 4.29 (C -H, double doublet, J 4.5 and 8.5 Hz.), 5.02 (C -H, doublet, J 4.5 Hz), 6.19 (CH CO), 6.27 (CO CH 6.32 and 6.60 (CH C=CH AB-quartet, 3,, 15 Hz.) and 6.51 and 6.89 (C ,CH AB- quartet, 1, 18 Hz.) (Found: C, 51.2; H, 4.25; N, 6.4; S, 14.9. C ,,H,,,N O,,S requires C, 51.15; H, 4.3; N, 6.6; S, 15.15%).

b. (ii) t-Butyl 7B-Amino- 3-(2-methoxycarbonylallyl) ceph-3-em-4-carboxylate A solution of phosphorus pentachloride (473 mg., ca 2.25 mmoles) in warm, dry methylene dichloride (4ml.) was cooled to and treated with pyridine (1.82 ml. of a l0%-solution in methylene dichloride, ca 2.25 mmoles). A solution of t-butyl 3-(2-methoxycarbonylallyl)-7B-(Z-thienylacetamido)ceph3-em-4-carboxylate (477 mg. 1 mmole) in dry methylene dichloride (2 ml.) was added, with stirring, to the above mixture at 0. The mixture was stirred at 21 for 70 minutes, then run into a solution of methanol (1 ml.) in methylene dichloride (2.5 ml.) at 0. The organic mixture was treated with nitric acid (0.77 ml of a mixture of waterzconcentrated nitric acid 3:1, ca 1 equiv.) in an attempt to isolate the amine as its hydronitrate. An additional 3 equivalents of aqueous nitric acid were added but no salt was precipitated. The aqueous phase was separated and made alkaline with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and the mixture extracted with methylene dichloride. The organic extracts were washed with water, and dried, and evaporated. Trituration of the residue with ether gave the amine (84 mg.) as a pale-yellow solid, mp ca 90, [01],, 24 (c 1.5, CHCl x,,,.,,, (EtOH) 268.5 nm. (6 8,880), 11 (CHBr 3360 (NH 1758 (B-lactam) and 1700 (CO R) cm. 7 (CDCI 3.69 and 4.38 (C=CH two singlets), 5.04 and 5.28 (C and C H, two doublets, J 4.5 Hz.), 6.23 (CO CH 6.58 (CH C=CH 6.87 and 6.52 (C ,CH AB-quartet, J 18 Hz.), 8.18 (NH and 8.47 (t-butyl).

EXAMPLE 3 a. t-Butyl 3-( 2-Ethoxycarbonylally1)-7B-( Z-thienylacetamido ceph-3-em-4-carboxylate A solution of t-butyl 3-(2-ethoxycarbonyl-2-triphenylphosphoranylideneethyl)- 7B-(2- thienylacetamido)ceph-3-em-4-carboxylate (2.08 g, 2.8 mmole.) in methylene dichloride (30 ml.) was treated with 40%-aqueous formaldehyde (10 ml.) and 2 /2%-aqueous sodium bicarbonate (10 ml.), and the two-phase system stirred vigorously at 23 for 2% hours. The organic phase was' separated and washed with 2N-hydrochloric acid, and water, and dried and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed on Merck Kieselgel 80 g.) with benzenezethyl acetate 2:1 as eluent. Fractions containing material with similar mobilities on T.L.C. (Rf 0.75 in benzene:ethyl acetate 2:1) were combined and evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound (1.35 g. 97 as an amorphous solid, mp. 48 to 55, [04],, 23 (0 1.5, CHCI Mnflex 263 nm. (6 7,250), 11 (CHBr 3420 (NH), 1780 (,B-lactam), 1713 (CO R), and 1683 and 1514 (CONH) emf, 'r (CDCl 2.71 and 3.0 (thienyl), 3.49 (NH, doublet, J 9 Hz.), 3.7 and 4.41 (C=CH two singlets), 4.19 (C ,H, double doublet, J 4.5 and 9 Hz.), 5.01 c.,, l-i, doublet,J 4.5 Hz.), 5.76 and 8.69 (CO CH CH AB-quartet and triplet respectively, J 7 Hz.), 6.14 (CH CO), 6.53 (CH C=CH 6.54 and 6.87 (C ,CH AB-quartet, J, 18 HZ.) and 8.48 (t-butyl) (Found: C, 56.0; H, 5.7; N, 5.3; S, 12.6. C H N O S requires C, 56.05; H, 5.7; N, 5.7; S, 13.0%).

b. 3-( 2-Ethoxycarbonylallyl )-7B-( 2-thienylacetamido ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid A solution of t-butyl 3-(2-ethoxycarbonylallyl)-7B- 18 (Z-thienylacetamido)ceph-3-em-4-carboxylate (870 ml.) in anisole (0.87 ml.) with trifluoroacetic acid (3.5 ml.) was kept at 20 for 5 minutes. The solvents were removed in vacuo and the residue partitioned between ethyl acetate and aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The aqueous phase was washed with ethyl acetate and acidified with 2N-hydrochloric acid, and the liberated acid extracted into ethyl acetate (50 ml.). The organic phase was washed with water (2 X 15 ml.), and dried and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was crystallised from ethyl acetate-ether to give the title acid (380 mg.) as needles, mp to 161, [M 22.05 (c 1.5, CHCl A (0.1M- pH 6 phosphate buffer) 260 nm. (6 8,300), z/ (CHBr 3405 (NH), 1782 (B-lactam), 1740 (CO H), 1705 (CO R), and 1690 and 1512 (CONH) cm, 1- (DMSO-d 0.90 (NH, doublet, J 9 Hz.), 2.6 and 3.0 (thienyl), 3.79 and 4.39 (C=CH- two singlets), 4.33 (C ,H, double doublet, J 4.5 and 9 Hz.), 4.88 (C -H, doublet J 4.5 Hz.) 6.23 (CH CO), 6.40 and 6.77 (C ,CH AB-quartet, J 18 Hz.), 6.42 and 6.75 (CH C=CH AB-quartet, J 15 Hz.), 8.78and 5.83 (CO CH CH triplet and quartet respectively, J 7H2.) (Found: C, 52.1; H, 4.7; N, 6.3; S, 14.4 C H N O S requires C, 52.2; H, 4.3; N, 6.4; S, 14.7%).,.

EXAMPLE 4 i a. t-Butyl 3-(2-Diphenylmethoxycarbonylallyl)-7B-( 2- thienylaeetamido )ceph-3-em-4-carboxylate A solution of t-butyl thienylacetamido)ceph-3-em-4-carboxylate (2.08 g.) in dry acid-free methylene dichloride (20 ml.) was treated with a solution of diphenylmethoxymethylenetriphenylphosphorane (4.3 g. ca 2:1 equiv.) in methylene dichloride 20 ml.), and the mixture was kept at 20 for 18 hours in the dark. The solution was washed with water (2X 50 m1.) and treated with 40%-aqueous formaldehyde solution (16 ml.) and 2 /-aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (50 ml.). The two-phase system was stirred vigorously for 3 /2 hours. The organic layer was separated and washed with water, and 2N-hydrochloric acid and more water, and dried and evaporated in vacuo. The residue, in benzene, was run on to a column of Merck Kieselgel (60 g.) and the column eluted with benzene:ethyl acetate 4:1. Fractions containing material with similar mobilities on T.L.C. (Rf 0.5 in benzenezethyl acetate 5:1) were combined and evaporated in vacuo. A solution of the resulting foam, in' ether, was run into vigorously stirred petroleum ether to give the title compound (1.5 g, 59%),as an amorphous solid, mp. ca 65, [a],, 14.3 (c 0.8, CHCl Mnflex. (EtOH) 265 nm (a 7,950), 11 (CHBr 3420 (NH), 1784 (fi-lactam), 1716 (CO R) and 1682 and 1516 (CONH) cm, 1(CDCl 2.55 (Ph), 2.76 and 3.03 (thienyl), 3.05 (CHPh 3.52 (NH, doublet, J 9 Hz.) 3.56 and 4.35 (C=CH two singlets), 4.23 (C ',,H, double doublet, J 4.5 and 9 Hz.), 5.22 (C ,H, doublet, J 4.5 Hz.), 6.19 (CH CO), 6.40 and 6.63 (CH C=CH AB-quartet, J 16 Hz.), 6.64 and 6.96 (C ,CH AB-quartet, 1, 18 Hz.), and 8.52 (t-butyl) (Found: C, 64.5; H, 5.4; N, 4.3; S, 9.9. C H N O S requires C, 64.3; H, 5.4; N, 4.45; S, 10.15%).

b. 3-(2-Carboxya1ly1)-7,B-(2-thienylacetamido) ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid 3-iodomethyl-7B-(2- 19 A solution of t-butyl 3-(2-diphenylmethoxycarbonylallyl)-7B-(2-thienylacetamido)ceph-3-em-4-earboxylate (1.25 g.) in anisole (1.0 ml.) with trifluoroacetic acid (6.4 ml.) was kept at 23 for 10 minutes. The solvents were removed in vacuo and the residue partitioned between ethyl acetate and dilute aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The aqueous phase was washed with ethyl acetate and acidified with N-hydrochloric acid, and the liberated acid extracted into ethyl acetate. The organic extracts were washed with water, and dried and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was triturated with other to give the title acid (450 mg.) as an amorphous solid, m.p. 142 to 145 (decomp.), [M 85.4 (c 0.9, dioxan: MeOH=2:1), Mnflex. (0.1 M-pH 6 phosphate buffer) 259 (6 8.250), v,,,,,, (Nujol) 3265 (NH), 1755 (B-lactam), 1685 and 1535 (CONH) and 1610 (CO H) cm. r (DMSO-d 0.86 (NH, doublet, J 9 Hz.), 2.61 and 3.00 (thienyl), 3.82 and 4.46 (C=CH two singlets), 4.34 (C H, double doublet, J 4.5 and 9 Hz.), 4.87 (C -H, doublet, J 4.5 Hz.), 6.21 (CH CO), 6.42 and 6.72 (C -CH AB- quartet, J 18 Hz.), and 6.44 and 6.69 (CH C=CH AB-quartet, J 16 Hz.) (Found: C, 50.2; H, 4.1; N, 6.3; S, 15.6. C, H N O S requires C, 49.95; H, 3.95; N, 6.85; S, 15.7%).

EXAMPLE a. t-Butyl 7B-( D-2-t-Butoxycarbonylamino-2-phenylacetamido 3-( 2-methoxycarbonylallyl )ceph-3-em-4-carboxylate A solution of t-butyl 7B-(2-t-butoxycarbonylamino- 2-phenylacetamido)-3-iodomethylceph-3-em-4-earboxylate (4.72 g., 75 mmole.) in dry, acid-free, methylene dichloride (20 ml.) was treated with a solution of methoxycarbonylmethylenetriphenylphosphorane (5.04 g, 15.2 mmole.) in methylene dichloride (20 ml.) and the mixture kept at 20 overnight in the dark. The solution was washed with water and the separated organic phase treated with 40%-aqueous formaldehyde solution (30 ml.) and 2 /2-aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (95 ml.). The two-phase system was stirred vigorously, at 20, for 6 hours. The organic layer was separated and washed with water (2 X 20 ml.), and brine (20 ml.), and dried and evaporated in vacuo. The residual foam, in benzene, was run into a column of Merck Kieselgel (152 g.) and the column eluted with benzene:ethyl acetate 4:1. Fractions containing material with similar mobilities on T.L.C. (Rf 0.75, benzene:ethyl acetate 3:1) were combined and evaporated in vacuo. A solution of the resulting foam (1.55 g.), in ether, was run into vigorously stirred petroleum ether to give the title compound 1.18 g., 27.5%) as an amorphous solid, m.p. ca 90 (decomp.), [11],, i 0 (0 1.5, CHC1 )r,,,,,, (EtOH) 261 nm. (6 7,300), v,,,,,, (CHBr 3390 (NH), 1778 (fi-lactam), 1715 (CO- R), 1708 and 1510 (NHCO R), and 1690 and 1510 (CONH) emf, 7(CDC13) 2.66 (Ph), 3.17 (NH, doublet, J 9 Hz.), 3.76 and 4.48 (C=CH two singlets), 4.24 (C -H, double, doublet, J 4.5 and 9 Hz.), 4.30 (CHNH,doublet, J 7 Hz.) 4.81 (CHNH, doublet, J 7 Hz.), 5.11 (C,,,,H, doublet, J 4.5 Hz.), 6.27 (CO CH 6.6 (CH C=CH 6.65 and 7.01 (C -CH AB-quartet, J 18 Hz.) and 8.53 and 8.62 (t-butyls) (Found: C, 58.5; H, 6.2; N, 7.1; S, 5.3. C H;;,,N O,,S requires C, 59.2; H, 6.5; N, 7.15; S. 5.45%).

b. 7B-(D-2-Amino-2-phenylacetamido)-3-(2-methoxycarbonylallyl)ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic Acid, Trifluoroacetic Acid Salt A solution of t-butyl 7/3-(D-2-t-butoxycarbonylamino-2-phenylacetamido)-3-(Z-methoxycarbonylallyl) ceph-3-em-4-carboxylate (1.2 g) in trifluoroacetic acid (5.0 ml.) was kept at 21 for 10 minutes. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue partitioned between ethyl acetate and dilute aqueous trifluoroacetic acid. The aqueous phase was washed with ether and, after removal of traces of ether in vacuo, freeze-dried to give the title compound (930 mg, 83%) as a white amorphous solid, m.p. ca (decomp.), [01],, 20.24 (c 0.8, acetone), k (0.1 M- pH 6 phosphate buffer) 263.5 nm. (6 8,950), v,,,,,, (Nujol) 3500 (H O), ca 2630 (NHJ), 1770 (B-lactam), 1705 (C=CCO R and CO H), 1680 (CF CO and ca 1680 and 1530 (CONH) cmf T (CF CO H) 2.16 Ni-1 and NH), 2.42 (Ph), 3.46 and 4.14 (C=CH two singlets), 4.17 (C ,H, double doublet, J 4.5 and 9 Hz.), 4.44 (CHNHQ, ill-resolved AB-quartet), 4.74 (C H, doublet, J 9 Hz.), 6.06 (CO CH 6.24 (CH C=CH and 6.46 and 6.72 (C ,CH AB-quartet J 18 Hz.) (Found: C, 46.8; H, 4.15; F, 9.85; N, 7.4; s, 5.8. C H F N O S, H O requires C, 46.9; H, 4.3; F, 10.1; N, 7.45; S, 5.7%).

EXAMPLE 6 a. t-Butyl 7B-(D-2-t-Butoxycarbonylamino-2-phenyl acetamido )-3-( 2-cyanoallyl )ceph-3 -em-4-carboxylate A solution of t-butyl 3-bromomethyl-7B-(D-2-tbutoxycarbonylamino-2-phenylacetamido)ceph-3-em- 4-carboxylate (4.69 g., ca 7.5 mmole.) in dry, acidfree, methylene dichloride (20 ml.) was treated with a solution of cyanomethylenetriphenyl phosphorane (4.81 g. ea 15.2 mmole.) in methylene dichloride (20 ml.) and the mixture kept at 20 overnight in the dark. The solution was washed with water and the separated organic phase treated with 40%-aqueous formaldehyde solution (30 ml.) and 2 /z%-aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (95 ml.). The two-phase system was stirred vigorously, at 20, for 6 hours. The organic layer was separated and washed with water (2 X 20 ml.), and brine (20 ml.), and dried, and evaporated in vacuo. The residual foam, in benzene, was run on to a column of Merck Kieselgel g) and the column eluted with benzenezethyl acetate 4: 1. Fractions containing material with similar mobilities on T.L.C. (Rf ca 0.4 in benzene:ethyl acetate 5:1 were combined and evaporated in vacuo. A solution of the resulting pale-yellow foam (2.13 g.), in ether, was run into vigorously stirred petroleum ether to give the title compound (1.72 g., 41.4%) as an amorphous white solid, m.p. 102 to 107 (decomp.), [01],, 5.97 (c 1.5, CHCl A (EtOH) 263 nm. (e 6,600), v,,,,,, (CHBr 3420 (NH), 2240 (CN), 1789 (,B-lactam), 1719 (C0 11) and 1700 and 1500 (CONH) emf, r (CDCl 2.64 (Ph), 3.20 (NH, doublet, J 9 Hz.), 4.04 and 4.22 (C=Cl-l two singlets), 4.20 (C, ,H, double doublet, J 4.5 and 9 Hz.), 4.33 (CHNH, doublet, J 7 Hz.), 4.79 (CHNH, doublet, J 7 Hz.), 5.06 (C,,;,H, doublet, J 4.5 Hz.), 6.55 and 6.92 (C ,-CH AB-quartet, J, 18 Hz.), 6.62 (CH- -C=CH and 8.49 and 8.58 (t-butyls) (Found: C, 59.9; H, 6.1; N, 9.75; S, 5.8. C ,,H N,O S requires C, 60.6; H, 6.2; N, 10.1; S, 5.8%).

' b. 7fi-(D-2Amino-2-phenylacetamido)-3-(2-cyanoallyl)- ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic Acid, Trifluoroacetic Acid 'Salt 1 A solution of t-butyl 7B-(D-2-t-butoxycarbonylamino-2-phenylacetamido)-3-(2-cyanoally1)- ceph-3-cm-4-carboxylate (1.57 g.) in, trifluoroacetic acid (6.4 ml.) with anisole (1.6 ml.) was kept at 20 for 5 minutes. The solvents were removed in vacuo and the residue partitioned between ethyl acetate and dilute aqueous trifluoroacetic acid. The aqueous phase was washed with ethyl acetate, and ether and, after removal of traces of ether in vacuo, freeze-dried to give an amorphous solid (1.29 g.). Examination by T.L.C. (nbutanolzwater 4:15; upper phase) showed that this material was a two-component mixture. The solid was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (5.2 ml.) and kept at 20 for minutes. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue partitioned as described above. Freezedrying of the aqucousphase gave the title compound (1.2 g., 82.5%) as an amorphous solid, m.p. ca 140 (decomp), [0 1 604 (0 0.8, ,acetone), X (0.1M- pH 6 phosphatebuffer) 260 nm..(e 8,070), u (Nujol).ca 3500 (H 0) 2600 2700 (NH 2226 (CN), 1767 (B-lactam), 1680 andf-30 (CONH), and ca 1650 (CQ f), emf, r (CF CO 1-1) 2.15 (NH), 2.19 (NHJ), 2.42 (Ph), 3.7-7 and 3.91 C=CH two doublets), 4.15 c doub1e,doublet, ,1 4.5 and 9 Hz.), 4.49 (CHNH flill-resolved AB-quartet), 4.74 (C,,, '-H, doublet, 1'45 Hz.), 6.08 and 6.48 (CH C=CH AB-quartet,.J l5 Hz.) and 6.39 and 6.65 (C -CH AB-quartet, J 18 Hz.) (Found: C,-- 48.25; H, 3.7; F, 9.6; N, 10.65; S, 6.3. C 1-1 F N O S k H O requires C, 48.4;1-1, 3.65; F, 1 0.9;N,= 10.75; S, 6.15%).

EXAMPLE 7 a. t-Butyl 7B-(D-2t-Butoxycarbonylamino-2phenylacetamido)- 3-( 2diphenylmethoxycarbonylallyl) ceph-3-em-4-carboxy1ate A solution of t-butyl 7/3-(D-2-t-butoxycarbonylamino-Z-phenylacetamido)-3-iodomethy1ceph-3- em-4-carboxylate (4.72 g., ca 7.5 mmole.) in dry, acidl'ree, methylene dichloride (15 ml.) was treated with a solution of diphenylmethoxycarbonylmethylenetriphenylphosphorane (7.41 g., ca 15.2 mmole.) in methylene dichloride (25 m1.) and the mixture kept at 20 in the dark overnight. The solution was washed with water and the separated organic phase treated with 40% aqueous formaldehyde solution (30 ml.) and 2 /z%- aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (95 ml). The two-phase system was stirred vigorously, at 20, for 6 hours. The organic layer was separated and washed with water (2 X 20 ml.), and brine (20 ml.), and dried and evaporated in vacuo. The residual oil in henzene2ethyl acetate 4:1, was run on to a column of Merck Kieselgel (175 g) and the column eluted with the same solvent. Fractions containing material with similar mobilities on T.L.C. (Rf 0.5 in benzenezethyl acetate 5:1 were combined and evaporated in vacuo. A solution of the residual foam, in ether, was run into vigorously stirred petroleum ether to give the crude title compound (1.2 g.) as an amorphous solid, m.p. ca 85 (decomp), [01],, 5.67 (c 1.4, CHCl A (EtOH) 258.5 nm. (e 7,450), v,,,,,, (CHBr 3410 22 (NH), 1780 (B-lactam), 1703 to 1720 (CO R), and

. 1695 and 1510 (CONH), r (CDCl 2.68 (Ph), 3.08 (CHPhg), 3.29 (NH, doublet, J 9 Hz.), 3.54 and 4.39

(C=CH2), 4.29 (C -H, double doublet, J 4.5 and 9 Hz.), 4.34 (NHCH, doublet, .l 7 Hz.), 4.81 (NHCH,

doublet, J 7 Hz.), 5.28 (C ;,..-H, doublct,.-.l 9 Hz.), 6.56

- b. 7B-(D-2 Amino-2-phenylacetamido)-3-( 2-carboxyallyl)ceph-3-em-4 carboxylic Acid, Trifluoroacetic Acid Salt i A solution of t-buty'l 7B-(D-2-t-butoxycarbonylamino-2-phenylacetamido) -3-(2 diphenylmethoxycarbonylallyl )ceph-3-em-4-carboxyla'te (1.2 g.) in trifluoroacetic acid (7.0 ml.) was stirred at 22 for 30 minutes. A yellowsolid came out of solution during this time. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the solid residue washed with ether. This material was partitioned between ethyl acetatezether 3il' and dilute aqueous trifluoroacetic acid. The aqueous phase was separated and washed with ether and, after'removal' of traces of ether in vacuo, was freeze-dried to give the title compound (706 mg., 81%) as an amorphous solid; m.p. ca (decomp), [04],, 84.15 (c 1.0, H 0), A (0.1 'M-pH. 6 phosphate buffer) 261 nm.(& 8,710), 11 (Nujol) 3500 (H O), ca 2600 (NHJ), 1760 (B-lactam) 1685 (CO H), 1670 (CF CO{) and 1670 and 1520 (CONH) cm., 1- (CF CO H) 2.24 Ni-1 2.46 (Ph), 3.39 and 4.10 C=C1'-1 two sin glets), 4.24 (C ,H, double doublet, not well resolved) 4.50 (CHNHJ, ill-resolved AB-quartet), 4.80 (C -H, doublet, J 4.5 Hz.), 6.26 (CH C=CH and 6.49 and 6.76 (C ,C H AB-quartet, J 18 Hz.) (Found: C, 46.0; H, 4.0; F, 9.5; N, 7.45; S, 6.0. C H F N O S 1H O requires C, 45.9; H, 4.05; F, 10.35; N, 7.65; S, 5.85%).

EXAMPLE 8 t-Butyl 3-( 2ethoxycarbonylbut-Z-enyl) 7B-(thien-2- ylacetamido)-ceph-2em-4e-carboxylate A solution of t-butyl (2ethoxycarbonyl-Ztriphenylphosphoranylideneethyl)(-7/3-(thein-2-ylacetamido)- ceph-3-em-4-carboxylate (500 mg.) in methylene dichloride (5 ml.) was treated with acetaldehyde (1.5 ml.) and 2 /z% aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (2.5 ml.), and the mixture was stirred vigorously at 22 for 6% hours. The organic phase was separated and washed with ZN-hydrochloric acid and water and dried and evaporated in vacuo. The residual orange foam (560 mg.) was dissolved in benzenezethyl acetate 2.511 and chromatographed on Merck Kieselgel (0.050.2 mm., 20 g.). Fractions with similar mobilities on t.l.c. (Rf 0.6 in benzenezethyl acetate 2:1) were combined and evaporated in vacuo to give the A -butenyl compound (200 mg.) as an oil in one geometrically isomeric form, [01],, 249 (C 2.0, CHC1,,), A (EtOH) 235.5 nm (e 14,410), v,,,,,, (CHBr 3356 (NH), 1754 (B-lactam), 1720 (CO R) and ca. 1680 and 1502 cm? (CONH), 1' (CDCI 2.92 (C=CHCH q, .1 7 Hz.), 3.52 (NH, d, .1 9 Hz.), 4.22 (C -H), 4.37 (C H, dd, .1 4.5 and 9 Hz.), 4.74 (C H, d, 4.5 Hz.), 5.30 (C H), 5.83 and 8.76 (ethyl, q and t r6811), and (Cm 'CH2,

'23 AB-q, .1 l6 Hz.), 8.24 (C= CHCH d, J 7 Hz.), and 8.5 (t-butyl) (Found: C, 56.2; H, 5.85; N, 5.1; S, 11.9. C H N O S requires C, 56.9; H, 5.95; N, 5.55; S, 12.65%).

EXAMPLE 9 Tablct 7B-(D-2-Amino-2-phenylacetamido)-3-(2-methoxycarbonylallyl)ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid trifluoroacetic acid salt (50 mg) is mixed with polyvinylpyrrolidone (1.4 mg.), icing sugar (18 mg.), and magnesium stearate (0.6 mg.). The mixture is passed through a 60-mesh sieve and fed into the die of a single-punch tabletting-machine with A-inch punch and die; the powder is lightly compressed, the die is topped up, and the tablet then punched. The tablet disintegrates within 3 minutes in water at 37.

EXAMPLE l Tablet S R6.(|IH.CONH r CH2 c (EH-R8 wherein Z is S or S' O, R is protected carboxyl and R" is a hydrogen atom or a C,C alkyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl group or an acid addition salt thereof.

4. A compound as claimed in claim 3, wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a C,-C,, alkyl group.

5. A compound as claimed in claim I wherein the acid R'*CH(X)COOH corresponding to the 7- acylamido group is D(-) phenylglycine.

6. A compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein the 3-position group is 2-cyanoallyl.

7. A compound as claimed in claim 1 which is 3-(2- cyanoallyl)-7fi-( 2-thienylacetamido)ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid.

8. A compound as claimed in claim 1 which is 7B-(D- 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido)-3-(2-cyanoallyl)ceph-3- em-4-carboxylic acid. 

1. A CEPHALOSPORIN ANTIBIOTIC COMPOUND OF THE FORMULA
 2. A compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein R8 is a hydrogen atom or a C1-C8 alkyl group.
 3. A cephalosporin compound of the formula
 4. A compound as claimed in claim 3, wherein R8 is a hydrogen atom or a C1-C8 alkyl group.
 5. A compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein the acid R6CH(X1)COOH corresponding to the 7-acylamido group is D(-) phenylglycine.
 6. A compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein the 3-position group is 2-cyanoallyl.
 7. A compound as claimed in claim 1 which is 3-(2-cyanoallyl)-7 Beta -(2-thienylacetamido)ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid.
 8. A compound as claimed in claim 1 which is 7 Beta -(D-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido)-3-(2-cyanoallyl)ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid. 